The Electoral Process

In this episode I will discussing Afghanistans electoral process. We will go in depth into the formation of the constitution and analyse the structures it created.

Sources: 

“The Afghan Government Was Undone by Its Own Corruption.” The Economist. The Economist Newspaper. Accessed April 22, 2022. https://www.economist.com/asia/2021/08/26/the-afghan-government-was-undone-by-its-own-corruption. 

“Afghanistan 2004 Constitution.” Constitute. Accessed April 22, 2022. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Afghanistan_2004. 

“Afghanistan: Anatomy of an Election Disaster.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, October 19, 2009. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/20/afghanistan-election. 

“Afghanistan's Constitution of 1964 - Constituteproject.org.” Accessed April 23, 2022. https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Afghanistan_1964.pdf?lang=en. 

“America Enabled Afghanistan's Corruption for Years. the Taliban Knew It.” NBCNews.com. NBCUniversal News Group, August 22, 2021. https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/america-enabled-afghanistan-s-corruption-years-taliban-knew-it-ncna1277327. 

“Constitutional History of Afghanistan.” ConstitutionNet, September 24, 2021. https://constitutionnet.org/country/afghanistan. 

“Election Fraud and Government Legitimacy in Afghanistan: The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab.” The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL). Accessed April 22, 2022. https://www.povertyactionlab.org/evaluation/election-fraud-and-government-legitimacy-afghanistan. 

Faiez, Rahim. “Fraud, Misconduct Threaten Afghan Presidential Election.” AP NEWS. Associated Press, September 28, 2019. https://apnews.com/article/ap-top-news-elections-international-news-afghanistan-election-2020-2e5b77dbe5ac41198e9c33c86184d9f3. 

Felbab-Brown, Vanda. “The 2009 Afghanistan Elections and the Future of Governance.” Brookings. Brookings, July 28, 2016. https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/the-2009-afghanistan-elections-and-the-future-of-governance/. 

Gall, Carlotta. “Election of Karzai Is Declared Official.” The New York Times. The New York Times, November 4, 2004. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/04/world/asia/election-of-karzai-is-declared-official.html. 

“Lessons.” Corruption in Conflict. Accessed April 22, 2022. https://www.sigar.mil/interactive-reports/corruption-in-conflict/lessons.html. 

“The Making of a Constitution in Afghanistan - New York Law ...” Accessed April 23, 2022. https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1372&context=nyls_law_review. 

National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration. Accessed April 22, 2022. https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2004/10/20041008-6.html. 

Nordland, Rod. “Afghan Presidential Rivals Finally Agree on Power-Sharing Deal.” The New York Times. The New York Times, September 20, 2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/21/world/asia/afghan-presidential-election.html. 

“Recent Patterns and Trends - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,” 2012. https://www.unodc.org/documents/lpo-brazil//Topics_corruption/Publicacoes/Corruption_in_Afghanistan_FINAL.pdf. 

“A Survey of the Afghan Parliament.” USAID . Democracy International. Accessed April 23, 2022. https://data.globalchange.gov/file/01e24f63-1c55-4a26-abb3-5d81de4d2d11.thtml. 

Tavernise, Sabrina, and Abdul Waheed Wafa. “U.N. Official Acknowledges 'Widespread Fraud' in Afghan Election.” The New York Times. The New York Times, October 11, 2009. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/12/world/asia/12afghan.html.

WALDMAN, MATT. “System Failure: The Underlying Causes of US Policy-Making Errors in Afghanistan.” International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs